A = A living cell (DIC), arrow=pyrenoid, arrowhead=protusion from 2''''-plate; B&C = Empty thecas and cells (BF)
Life-form: Solitary
Size: length c. 30 µm, width c. 20 µm.
Resting spore:
Note:
Distinctive features: A large pyrenoid and 2''''-plate often with a characteristic protrusion
Similar species:
Distribution: Worldwide
Literature:
Hansen, G. & Larsen, J. 1992. Dinoflagellater i danske farvande.
In: Thomsen, H. A. (ed.) Plankton i de indre danske farvande.
Havforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, Copenhagen, p. 45-155.
Morrill, L. C. & Loeblich III, A. R. 1981. A survey for body scales in the dinoflagellates and a revision of Cachonina and Heterocapsa (Pyrrophyta). J. Plank. Res. 3: 53-65:
Pennick, N. C. & Clarke, K. J. 1977. `The occurrence of scales in the peridinian dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb.) Stein'. Br. Phycol. J., 12: 63-66.
Steidinger, K. A. & Tangen, K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas, C. R. (ed.) Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, p. 387-584.