A = A living cell at two focal planes; B = Cyst; C = Theca, arrow = pore. A&B (BF), C (SEM)
Life-form: Solitary
Size: Length 28-43 µm, width 25-35 µm.
Resting spore: +
Note: Toxic (?), see Steidinger & Tangen (1996) for a taxonomical discussion.
Distinctive features: Shape and reticulation, pore
Similar species:
Distribution: Widely
Literature:
Dodge, J. D. 1989. Some revisions of the family Gonyaulacaceae
(Dinophyceae) Based on a scanning electron microscope study. Botanica
Marina. 32: 275-298.
Hansen, G. & Larsen, J. 1992. Dinoflagellater i danske farvande. In: Thomsen, H. A. (ed.) Plankton i de indre danske farvande. Havforskning fra Miljøstyrelsen, Copenhagen, p. 45-155.
Hansen, G., Moestrup, Ø. & Roberts, K. R. 1996/97. Light and electron microscopical observations on Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae). Arch. Prostistenkd.147: 381-391.
Reinecke, P. 1967. Gonyaulax grindleyi sp. nov.: A dinoflagellate causing a red tide at Elands Bay, Cape Province, in December 1966. J. S. Afr. Bot. 33: 157-160:
Steidinger, K. A. & Tangen, K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Tomas, C. R. (ed.) Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, p. 387-584.